When electric vehicles (EVs) catch fire, the lithium-ion batteries they use behave differently from gasoline in traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, according to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The NFPA has provided guidance to help EV owners stay safe while charging their vehicles at home.
The NFPA offers a free online training program for community preparedness around electric vehicles, which is available to the public. The organization emphasizes the importance of safety when charging EVs and provides several recommendations.
NFPA advises using only devices that have been tested and listed by qualified laboratories, and following all manufacturer instructions. Before each use, owners should inspect chargers and cords for damage, and never use them if they are compromised. Extension cords should not be used with EV chargers.
Charging equipment should be installed in safe locations, away from high-traffic areas and flammable materials. When not in use, charging items should be kept out of reach of children and animals, and outlets should be covered to prevent water exposure.
Before charging an EV at home, NFPA recommends having a qualified electrician check the home’s electrical system to ensure it can handle the load, and install a dedicated circuit for the charger.
The NFPA also warns that EVs contain high-voltage batteries, and battery maintenance should only be performed by the manufacturer. Orange high-voltage cables should not be touched.
For Level 1 charging, owners are advised to use the cord supplied with the vehicle, plug into a standard household outlet with ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protection, and use a dedicated circuit. For Level 2 charging, which requires a 240-volt outlet, installation by a qualified electrician is necessary. Only outdoor-rated stations should be used outside, and cords should remain off the ground.
These guidelines are intended to help reduce risks associated with home EV charging and ensure user safety.
